Conversational twins: The virtual engineering assistants of

3d twinDital Twins are built in 3D and represent a major competitive advantage in marketing and leasing a space. When it comes to the office industry, 3D dital twins can support a team’sAbstract. In this article, we propose a 3D mobile crowdsensing (3D-MCS) framework aimed at sustainable urban dital twins (UDTs). The framework comprises four key mechanisms: